calcium imaging showed that activation of the astrocytic Gi pathway attenuated intracellular calcium transients triggered by LPS treatment, suggesting a positive correlation between enhanced calcium transients and

protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). βarrs typically interact with phosphorylated C-terminal tail (C tail) and transmembrane

ligand access to the orthosteric binding site of MT1 and MT2 receptors through a lateral channel between transmembrane

β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Coordinates β -Arrestin Interaction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer -based biosensors, second messenger assays, and biochemical undescribed role for the extracellular loops of the receptor and the extracellular pocket formed by transmembrane

reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, as well as protein levels of Wnt1, phospho-Akt, transforming Β-catenin activation and nuclear translocation are associated with increased synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1). TGF-β1 stimulates the phosphorylation of Smad-3 and subsequent nuclear translocation to activate the transcription of collage 1/III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

In addition to transcriptomic analysis, mutational profiles revealed that somatic mutations in OR genes Based on this systematic analysis and review of the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of ORs in glioma

In nematodes, exposure to PS-NPs (1-100 μg/L) significantly altered transcriptional expressions of some Therefore, neuronal Gα proteins of GOA-1, GSA-1, and GPA-10 functioned to transduce signals of multiple

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals to the inside by activation of intracellular

challenges in the study of GPCR action in multiple systems, but also offers exciting opportunities in the translational