Characterization of a new WHIM syndrome mutant reveals mechanistic differences in regulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 WHIM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency disorder that is characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis. While several gain-of-function mutations that lead to C-terminal truncations, frame shifts and point mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4 have been identified in WHIM syndrome patients, the functional effect of these mutations are not fully understood. Here, we report on a new WHIM syndrome mutation that results in a frame shift within the codon for Ser339 (S339fs5) and compare the properties of S339fs5 with wild type CXCR4 and a previously identified WHIM syndrome mutant, R334X. The S339fs5 and R334X mutants exhibited significantly increased signaling compared to wild type CXCR4 including agonist-promoted calcium flux and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. This increase is at least partially due to a significant decrease in agonist-promoted phosphorylation, β-arrestin binding, and endocytosis of S339fs5 and R334X compared to wild type CXCR4. Interestingly, there were also significant differences in receptor degradation, with S339fs5 having a very high basal level of degradation compared to that of R334X and wild type CXCR4. In contrast to wild type CXCR4, both R334X and S339fs5 were largely insensitive to CXCL12-promoted degradation. Moreover, while basal and agonist-promoted degradation of wild type CXCR4 was effectively inhibited by the CXCR4 antagonist TE-14016, this had no effect on the degradation of the WHIM mutants. Taken together, these studies identify a new WHIM syndrome mutant, CXCR4-S339fs5, that promotes enhanced signaling, reduced phosphorylation, β-arrestin binding and endocytosis, and a very high basal rate of degradation that is not protected by antagonist treatment. Read full article

Significant advancements in the cellular biology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) about a novel fluorescence serves as a readout for the activity of APEX2 and, by extension, the trafficking of the GPCR The development of molecular tools to study GPCR trafficking in real-time opens new avenues for understanding The implications of this research extend beyond basic science ; understanding the role of DNAJC13 in GPCR field continues to evolve, this study represents a crucial step toward unraveling the understanding of GPCR

GPCR ecosystem members!  GPCR ecosystem.  Top candidates will have a solid foundation in GPCR pharmacology as well as some experience in drug discovery GPCR

Neuropeptides and their specific receptors (primarily G protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs) regulate multiple A total of 41 neuropeptide GPCR genes belonging to three classes were also identified. These GPCRs and their probable ligands were predicted. expression patterns of these 98 genes in various larval tissues were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR to determine physiological functions and pharmacological characterization of neuropeptides and their GPCRs

Furthermore, both chemokines and receptors can homo- and hetero-oligomerize, impacting receptor/ligand-binding Therefore, the in vivo state of the receptor and its existence as homo and herero-oligomeres at the cell Further difficulties arise from the existence of cross-reactivity with other GPCRs and differences in of chemokine receptors which are regulated by globular protein ligands, unlike most of the class A GPCRs

of the β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Coordinates β -Arrestin Interaction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs The β 2-adrenergic receptor ( β 2AR) is a prototypical and extensively studied GPCR that can provide insight into this aspect of GPCR signaling thanks to robust structural data and rich pharmacopeia. regulation that may contribute to biased signaling at GPCRs. We characterized the effects of extracellular loop mutations on agonist-promoted interactions of GPCRs

bilayer creates is dynamic and interactive, becoming the foundation for many interactions involved in GPCR activation of GPCRs2. β-arrestins are cytosolic proteins that translocate to the plasma membrane upon GPCR Understanding the interplay between GPCRs and β-arrestins and how this complex operates on the plasma Membrane phosphoinositides regulate GPCR-β-arrestin complex assembly and dynamics. Molecular mechanism of GPCR-mediated arrestin activation.

Unexpectedly, Class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a large class of signaling proteins exemplified transbilayer lipid movement, conceptualized as the swiping of a credit card (lipid) through a card reader (GPCR Conformational changes that facilitate scrambling are distinct from those associated with GPCR signaling In this review, we discuss the physiological significance of GPCR scramblase activity and the modes of

all cytomegalovirus (CMV) genomes analysed to date is the presence of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR IMPORTANCE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as cell surface molecular "switches" which regulate The mouse CMV (MCMV) GPCR homolog, designated M33, is important for cell-associated virus spread and The signalling repertoire of M33 is distinct from cellular GPCRs and little is known of the relevance Understanding the relevance of the viral GPCR signalling profiles for in vivo function will provide

Currently, attention was mainly paid to biased signaling modulators targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs The biased signaling modulation of non-GPCR receptors has yet to be exploited. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one such non-GPCR receptor, which involves MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent modulators of TLR4 would provide insight for the future development of biased modulators for other non-GPCR

this study was to identify Gα proteins mediating function of neuronal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs Some neuronal GPCRs (such as GTR-1, DCAR-1, DOP-2, NPR-8, NPR-12, NPR-9, and DAF-37) functioned upstream of GOA-1, some neuronal GPCRs (such as DCAR-1, DOP-2, NPR-9, NPR-8, and DAF-37) functioned upstream of GSA-1, and some neuronal GPCRs (such as DOP-2, NPR-8, DAF-37, and DCAR-1) functioned upstream of GPA Our results provide clues for understanding the important function of GPCRs-Gα signaling cascade in the

Class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are notoriously difficult to target by small molecules because Using the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR) as a prototypic class B GPCR target, and a combination precise druggable sites and identify allosteric modulators of PTHR signaling that could be extended to GPCRs

allosteric binding site (IABS) has recently been identified at several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs To chemically induce CCR9 degradation, we then developed the first PROTAC targeting the IABS of GPCRs our CCR9-PROTAC is able to reduce CCR9 levels, thereby offering an unprecedented approach to modulate GPCR

molecular recognition of two peptidyl mating pheromones by their corresponding G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs Here, we investigated the stringency of the two GPCRs, Mam2 and Map3, for their respective pheromones First, we switched GPCRs between S. pombe and the closely related species Schizosaccharomyces octosporus Thus, the differences in these two GPCRs might reflect the significantly distinct stringency/flexibility

regulate a wide range of signaling events, most notably when bound to active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs Among the known effectors recruited by GPCR-bound arrestins are Src family kinases, which regulate cellular determined the crystal structure of the Fgr SH3 domain at 1.9 Å resolution and developed a model for the GPCR-arrestin

vasoconstrictors, resulting in enhanced signalling through their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR Prolonged vasoconstrictor GPCR signalling increases arterial contraction and stimulates signalling pathways GPCR signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) promotes VSMC proliferation In VSMC, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is known to regulate numerous vasoconstrictor GPCRs

Alterations in the expression and/or activity of brain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as dopamine Since studies have indicated that flavonoids can target brain GPCRs and provide neuroprotection via inhibition Functional GPCR assays unfolded the compound's antagonist behavior on D1R (IC50 42.1 ± 0.35 μM) and agonist

Several neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, acting through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), fine-tune However, intracellular partners linking GPCRs to TASK1 modulation are not yet well-known. We hypothesized that isoform 2 of rho-kinase (ROCK2), acting as downstream GPCRs, mediates adjustment Furthermore, ROCK activity assays were performed to evaluate the ability of various physiological GPCR

Opioid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) part of cell signaling paths of direct interest typically have a protonated amino group that contributes to receptor binding, and the functioning of GPCRs

SEPTEMBER 26-29, 2022 (Leipzig, Germany)​ 4GPCRnet meeting bringing together four of the biggest GPCR Four of the biggest European networks on GPCR research ( COST Actions Adher’n Rise and ERNEST plus

Mutations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) underlie numerous diseases. Pharmacological chaperones are cell-permeant small molecules that engage nascent mutant GPCRs in the These findings aid in advancing the understanding of the effects of genetic mutations on GPCR function

significant attention in drug discovery, especially in the context of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs The GLP-1R, a class B1 GPCR, is integral to metabolic regulation, particularly in glucose homeostasis Cary, B.P., et al., New Insights into the Structure and Function of Class B1 GPCRs.  

multiple immune signaling processes and is dependent on activation by Ras and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs that stimulated lipid kinase activity, block Ras activation, and specifically inhibited p101-mediated GPCR

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major drug targets, yet their complex and dynamic structures By using machine learning, AF2 can accurately predict the 3D structures of GPCRs with atomic-level accuracy

Engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are commonly used in chemogenetics as designer receptors Although several GPCRs have been studied in astrocytes using a chemogenetic approach, the functional

Numerous physiological effects of melatonin are mediated via its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs human and guinea pig airway smooth muscle and cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells by RT-PCR

for control of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea Background: Insect G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs HLGR2 is a typical GPCR and shows high structural and sequence similarity with other insect LGR2 proteins

The D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR which activates a cAMP/PKA/DARPP-32 signalling cascade Finally, we report that JQ1 treatment downregulated expression of many GPCRs and also impaired ERK1/2