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Acquired hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (AHH) is a rare disease caused by calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR reported as follows: (a) elderly (74-87 years at diagnosis), (b) male, (c) unexpectedly showed no other autoimmune diseases, (d) showed spontaneously fluctuating Ca levels from approximately normal to near fatally high

September 2022 β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression and Intracellular Signaling in B Cells Are Highly Dynamic during Collagen-Induced Arthritis "The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effect, depending on the stage of arthritis. In the past, treatment of arthritic B cells with a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-ADR) agonist has been shown to attenuate arthritis. In this study, the expression and signaling of β2-ADR in B cells during collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated to provide an explanation of why only B cells from arthritic mice are able to improve CIA. Splenic B cells were isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Adrenergic receptors on B cells and intracellular β2-ADR downstream molecules (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK-2), β-Arrestin 2, p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)) were analyzed at different time points in naïve and arthritic B cells with and without stimulation of β2-ADR agonist terbutaline by flow cytometry. β2-ADR-expressing B cells increase during CIA without a change in receptor density. Moreover, we observed a profound downregulation of GRK-2 shortly after induction of arthritis and an increase in β-Arrestin 2 only at late stage of arthritis. The second messengers studied (p38, ERK1/2 and CREB) followed a biphasic course, characterized by a reduction at onset and an increase in established arthritis. Stimulation of CIA B cells with the β-ADR agonist terbutaline increased pp38 MAPK independent of the timepoint, while pERK1/2 and pCREB were enhanced only in the late phase of arthritis. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and CREB in the late phase of arthritis was associated with increased IL-10 produced by B10 cells. The change of β2-ADR expression and signaling during sustained inflammation might be an integral part of the switch from pro- to anti-inflammatory action of sympathetic mechanisms in late arthritis." Read more at the source #DrGPCR #GPCR #IndustryNews

Vivo Evaluation of ACT-660602: A Potent and Selective Antagonist of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 for Autoimmune Diseases "The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in various pathologies, in particular autoimmune diseases.

in Oncology and Immunology A New Strategy in Modulating the Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (Par2) in Autoimmune Diseases Published date January 6, 2025 Abstract "Autoimmune diseases are complex conditions characterized Protease-activated receptor 2 (Par2) has been implicated in these diseases, exhibiting dual roles that , and inflammatory bowel disease, we highlight how the context and location of Par2 activation determine This review underscores Par2's complexity and its transformative potential in autoimmune disease management

However, the physiological functions of many GPCRs and the involvement of them in autoimmune diseases However, Gpr141 deficiency exacerbated disease conditions of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis, with increased inflammation in the spinal cord. that targeting GPR141 may be a possible therapeutic intervention for modulating chronic inflammatory diseases disease , dendritic cells , experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , monocytes , myeloid cells .

context of humoral immunity and discuss the potential of the COMMD3/8 complex as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases."