October 2022 Structural perspectives on the mechanism of signal activation, ligand selectivity and allosteric tissue response to a given dose of the hormone or its antagonist depends on receptors that engage the ligand Thus, we need to know much more about the structures of receptor-ligand complexes at high resolution. , X-ray structures of both AngII receptors (AT1 and AT2 receptors) bound to peptide and non-peptide ligands Constituent structural motifs cooperatively transform ligand selectivity into specific functions, thus

Intriguingly, the two ligands have distinct signaling and physiological properties: PTH evokes prolonged The distinct molecular actions are ascribed to the differences in ligand recognition and dissociation A comparison of the PTH-bound and PTHrP-bound structures reveals distinct ligand-receptor interactions underlying the ligand affinity and selectivity. dissociation from the receptor and shed light on the distinct durations of signaling induced by PTH

October 2022 Mechanism of enhanced sensitivity of mutated β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor to amitraz Previous assays verified that a typical G protein-coupled receptor, β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor

Here, we investigated this issue in living cells for the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a major receptor We showed a diversity of ligand-free forms of CCR5 at the cell surface constituted of various oligomeric These forms were stabilized differently by distinct ligands. These results suggest a link between receptor activation and immobilization. Applied to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120, our quantitative analysis revealed agonist-like properties

less side effects, and tools to explore the ORs nature and function, various (poly)pharmacological ligand That is, besides classical ligands, a great number of bivalent ligands (i. e. aiming on two distinct OR subtypes), univalent heteromer-selective ligands and bitopic and allosteric ligands have been synthesized The scope of our review is to present the most important of the aforementioned ligands, highlight their

September 2022 Regulator of G Protein Signaling 20 Correlates with Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA (lincRNAs have been associated with various cancers, with some members of the RGS family being associated with liver significantly associated with some tumor-related signaling pathways and long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs : LINC00511, PVT1, MIR4435-2HG, BCYRN1, and MAPKAPK5-AS1) that exhibit oncogenic potential. Taken together, we showed that RGS20 correlates with a few HCC-associated lincRNAs harboring oncogenic

Intriguingly, the two ligands have distinct signaling and physiological properties: PTH evokes prolonged The distinct molecular actions are ascribed to the differences in ligand recognition and dissociation A comparison of the PTH-bound and PTHrP-bound structures reveals distinct ligand-receptor interactions underlying the ligand affinity and selectivity. dissociation from the receptor and shed light on the distinct durations of signaling induced by PTH

However, these conventional assays often provide limited information on intermediate signaling events These biosensors have facilitated the investigation of various aspects of GPCR signaling, including ligand Moreover, these experiments can be conducted in live cells, preserving the physiological context and BERKY consists of a membrane linker, a BRET donor, an ER/K α-helix linker, a BRET acceptor, and an active Galés, C., et al., Real-time monitoring of receptor and G-protein interactions in living cells. 

GPCRs are present in a range of conformations, and the binding of a ligand, as well as interactions with signaling molecules like G proteins, can selectively stabilize specific conformations (Gether 2000). GPCR ligands pharmacology The impact of a ligand on a receptor's structure and biophysical attributes , and consequently on the biological response, is referred to as ligand efficacy. selectively activate specific cellular outcomes linked to that GPCR.

The method has found druggable sites overlapping with the cocrystallized allosteric ligands in 21 GPCR Results show that for each of the 21 structures with bound ligands there exist many other GPCRs that However, ligands binding at the same location generally show little or no similarity, and the amino acid residues interacting with these ligands also differ. binding sites among the limited number of potential locations."

Limited evidence has been reported on the impact of cannabis or its components, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol accumulation, and gene and protein expression of major milk protein and lipid synthesizing markers. We hypothesized that THC and CBD will negatively impact the synthesis of milk proteins and lipids, as well as lipid markers in HC11 cells. Relative to control, 10μM THC and 10μM CBD reduced mRNA levels of milk proteins (CSN2 and WAP) , lipid

October 2022 ADGRL3 genomic variation implicated in neurogenesis and ADHD links functional effects to found that nsSNPs rs35106420, rs61747658, and rs734644, previously reported to be associated and in linkage harbored in the ADGLR3-hormone receptor domain (HRM, a common extracellular domain of the secretin-like GIP has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, and our analyses suggest a potential link showed that functional mutations in the ADGLR3 gene disrupt the standard and wild ADGRL3 structure, most likely

October 2022 Increased Anxiety-like Behaviors in Adgra1-/- Male But Not Female Mice are Attributable potential role of ADGRA1 in the neurobehaviors of mice by comparing Adgra1-/- and their wild-type (wt) littermates male but not female mice exhibited elevated anxiety levels in the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark

Cholesterol bound to the amino-terminal permease-like region of LYCHOS, and mutating this site impaired

sample preparation strategies, including expression and isolation of A2AAR and assembly of A2AAR in lipid

October 2022 Membrane Lipids Are an Integral Part of Transmembrane Allosteric Sites in GPCRs: A Case Ligands must first partition into the surrounding membrane and take lipid paths to these sites. Remarkably, a significant part of the bound ligands appears exposed to the membrane lipids. to ligand access and binding is often overlooked and poorly understood. Using classical and enhanced molecular dynamics simulations, we show that membrane lipids are critical

systematically investigated the relationship between the concentration of two distinct pro-inflammatory stimuli, lipopolysaccharide Here we show that lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma influence messenger RNA abundances of the microglial

October 2022 Bell-Evans model and steered molecular dynamics in uncovering the dissociation kinetics of ligands We have predicted the absolute ligand residence times on the timescale of seconds. Additionally, we calculated the thermodynamics of ligand binding in terms of ligand binding energies In the experiment, similar sets of residues were found to be in significant contact with both ligands unbinding with the thermodynamics of ligand binding."

Depending on which ligand activates a receptor, it can engage different intracellular transducers. Ligands eliciting biased signalling may constitute better drugs with higher efficacy and fewer adverse However, ligand bias is very complex, making reproducibility and description challenging. Here, we provide guidelines and terminology for any scientists to design and report ligand bias experiments receptor research and drug discovery communities continue to advance our understanding and exploitation of ligand

August 2022 "Fluorescently labeled ligands are versatile molecular tools to study G protein-coupled receptors Here, we report the structure-based development of fluorescent ligands targeting the intracellular allosteric previously reported intracellular CCR2 antagonists, several tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labeled CCR2 ligands By means of these studies, we developed 14 as a fluorescent CCR2 ligand, enabling cell-free as well Thus, our small-molecule-based fluorescent CCR2 ligand 14 represents a promising tool for future studies

Genetic variants in ITGA9, which encodes the α9 subunit of integrin α9β1, and SVEP1, a ligand for integrin

August 2022 "G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) receive signals from ligands with different efficacies Previous studies revealed how ligands with different efficacies activate GPCRs. Here, we investigate how a GPCR activates G-proteins upon binding ligands with different efficacies. effects on the cellular signaling from β1-AR to the cAMP response initiated by the three different ligands These data provide insights into the ligand efficacy in the activation of GPCRs and G-proteins."

A variety of ligands for CB1 receptors have been developed as promising drug candidates for the treatment receptor in different functional states have significantly improved our molecular understanding of CB1 ligand These advances have paved the way for development of novel ligands for different therapeutic applications review, we describe the structural determinants for modulation of CB1 receptors by different types of ligands LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane

August 2022 Production of human A 2A AR in lipid nanodiscs for 19 F-NMR and single-molecule fluorescence sample preparation strategies, including expression and isolation of A2AAR and assembly of A2AAR in lipid

September 2022 Structure of the human galanin receptor 2 bound to galanin and Gq reveals the basis of ligand To understand the basis of the ligand preferences of the receptors and to assist structure-based drug Mutant proteins were assayed to help reveal the basis of ligand specificity, and structural comparison

September 2022 "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) lipids have been shown to stabilize In this work, we applied MD simulations supported by native mass spectrometry (nMS) to study lipid interactions We demonstrate how tail composition plays a role in modulating the binding of PI(4,5)P2 lipids to GCGR Specifically, we find the PI(4,5)P2 lipids to have a higher affinity toward the inactive conformation

Furthermore, we found that certain GPCR ligands can regulate GPCR/14-3-3 signals temporally, suggesting

In summary, our study shows that inhibiting homodimerization has a setmelanotide-like effect on Gq/11